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  <front>
    <journal-meta>
      <journal-title-group>
        <journal-title>International Journal of Pharmacognosy and Herbal Drug Technology</journal-title>
        <abbrev-journal-title abbrev-type="publisher">IJPHDT</abbrev-journal-title>
      </journal-title-group>
      <issn pub-type="epub">3049-1630</issn>
      <publisher>
        <publisher-name>Dr. Arpan Kumar Tripathi</publisher-name>
      </publisher>
    </journal-meta>
    <article-meta>
      <article-id pub-id-type="publisher-id">ijphdt-00000066</article-id>
      <title-group>
        <article-title>Effect of Heavy Metals on Germination andGrowth of Trigonella Foenum-Graecum</article-title>
      </title-group>
      <contrib-group>
        <contrib contrib-type="author">
          <name>
            <surname>Parganiha</surname>
            <given-names>Revendra </given-names>
          </name>
          <xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff1"/>
        </contrib>
      </contrib-group>
      <aff id="aff1">FPS, SSTC, Bhilai, Chhattisgarh, India</aff>
      <pub-date pub-type="epub" iso-8601-date="2026">
        <year>2026</year>
      </pub-date>
      <volume>2</volume>
      <issue>4</issue>
      <abstract>
        <p>
Heavy metals like lead (Pb), cadmium (Cd), and chromium (Cr) are
common environmental pollutants that constitute a major hazard to soil
and plant health. The metals are known to inhibit plant growth and
development, and they have implications for agriculture and food security.
The present research seeks to explore the effect of these heavy metals on
the germination and seedling growth of Trigonella foenum-graecum
(fenugreek), a widely grown crop of both agricultural and medicinal value.
The experiment, carried out under controlled laboratory conditions,
subjected fenugreek seeds to different concentrations (0, 25, 50, 100, and
200 ppm) of each metal. The findings showed drastic reduction in seed
germination percent, shoot and root growths, and vigor of the seedlings as
concentration of heavy metal increased, but lead exhibited worst effects.
Results highlight adverse influence of heavy metal pollution on the growth
of plant, thereby bringing into perspective requirements for remediation
measures against the environmental pollution for its detestable effect on
agricultural produce.</p>
      </abstract>
      <kwd-group kwd-group-type="author">
        <kwd>Stability.</kwd>
        <kwd>Bioavailability</kwd>
        <kwd>Drug release profiles</kwd>
        <kwd>Natural polymers</kwd>
        <kwd>Sustained-release tablets</kwd>
      </kwd-group>
    </article-meta>
  </front>
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